Output

This section is used to define the output generation from the coarse-graning modules. This tabs exposes the output of special results for the coarse-grainig and DEM datasets, allows the user to scale the results and set post-anlyses to be performed over the coarse-graining results.

Figure 72 - Output section of coarse-graining module.

Output Name

Users can prodive a name that will be used for naming the coarse-graining (and optionally DEM) dataset/s generated by the coarse-graining module. If no name is provided, the dataset/s generated by coarse-graining are automatically named using the name of the working scenario.

Default Location

This allows users to select where the outputs of the coarse-graning module will be stored. If Default Location is activated, the outputs will be stored in the default folders of the current scenario. If Default Location is not activated, users can click in order select the output directory.

Scale Results

When it is activated, it allows the users to introduce a number to scale all the results from the coarse-graining output dataset. This option, combined with the spatial integrals, is useful when calculating the average in a certain direction or plane. The most common uses of the Scale Results option are:

  • A change of units in the model.

  • The calculation of the average value in a certain direction/plane. This is performed in combination with the 1D, 2D or 1D cylindrical integrals:

  • If Integral is 1D, the value for Scale should be equal to 1/Length of the integral direction.

  • If Integral is 2D, the value for Scale should be equal to 1/Area of the integral plane.

  • If Integral is 1D cylindrical, the values introduced for Scale is automatically multiply by 1/2π\pi so that to compute the average over a full revolution, the Scale value needs to be 1.0. If the averaging is happening in a quarter of a revolution, the Scale value need to be 4.0.

Create DEM Dataset

When it is activated, the coarse-graining module generates a DEM dataset by converting the input DEM data previously specified by the user into Particle Analytics DEM format (PADEM). Furthermore, users can select the results to be generated for the DEM dataset by clicking the Edit button:

  • Particle Results: results related to the particles' properties.

    • Mass

    • Volume

    • Size: radius for spherical particles. In the case of non-spherical particles, the size corresponds to the radius of a sphere with a volume equivalent to the volume of the particle.

    • Velocity

    • Custom Properties: any other particles' properties that is not included in the previous list.

  • Contact Results: results derived from the contact data.

    • Particle Total Force: total force on the particles (i.e., unbalanced particle force).

    • Contact Total Force: Currently not available

    • Normal force: Currently not available

    • Tangential force: Currently not available

    • Mobilized friction: Currently not available

    • Coordination Number: Number of contacts of each particle.

Figure 73 - List of results for the output DEM dataset generated by the coarse-graining module.

Coarse Graining Output

When it is activated, the coarse-graining module generates a coarse-grainig dataset based on the processing of the Input DEM Data previously specified by the user. Furthermore, users can select the results to be generated for the coarse-graining dataset by clicking Edit button:

  • Particle Results: coarse-graining results computed based on the particles data:

    • Density: bulk or apparent density.

    • Solid Fraction

    • Size: based on the radius of the particles (or equivalent radius for non-spherical particles).

    • Momentum: note that it corresponds to momentum density.

    • Velocity

    • Number of particles

    • Custom properties: spatial averaged values of any custom properties contained in the input DEM data.

  • Stress Analysis Results: coarse-grainig results computed from the contact information and/or related with particles stress calculation:

    • Total Stress: stress tensor including contact and kinetic stress.

    • Kinetic Stress

    • Symmetric Stress: it forces the symmetry of the stress tensor.

    • Hydrostatic Pressure

    • Deviatoric Stress

    • Mobilized friction

    • Number of contacts

  • Wall/Surface Results: coarse-graining results generated by the Surface/Wall analysis available in the section Advanced of the Averaging tab of the coarse-graining settings:

    • Pressure

    • Shear

Figure 74 - List of results for the output coarse-graining dataset generated by the coarse-graining module.

Output Cylindrical Coordinates

Users can activate the "Output Cylindrical Coordinates" option in order to add to the output coarse-graining dataset, the results Velocity Cylindrical and Momentum Cylindrical in cylindrical coordinates. Users can define the cylindrical coordinate system for the calculation of these two additional results by defining parameters:

  • 1D Cylindrical Direction: defines the axial direction of the cylindrical coordinate system.

  • 1D Cylindrical Origin: defines the position of the origin of the cylindrical coordinate system.

Post-Analysis

Users can add here additional analysis to be automatically performed after the coarse-graining calculation has finalised. The analysis can be provided by Iota (Built-in) or users add their own User-defined Scripts that are available in the current project/scenario.

Mixing

An example of am analysis provided with Iota is the Mixing analysis using the Lacey mixig index. If this analysis is added to the Post-Analysis section, Iota will automatically create and import into the working project/scenario the following graphs:

  • Lacey mixig index: temporal evolution of the Lacey Mixing index. If the number of particles group is larger than two, the graph will contain a trace per particle group.

  • Mixing Concentraction: temporal evolution of the average cocentration of each particle group. The graphs includes a trace per particle group.

  • Mixing Components: temporal evolution of the particle group concentration variance, the variance for a segregated mixture and the variance for a fully random mixture (one trace per component). If the number of particles group is larger than two, a graph per particle group will be generated.

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