IotaSuite User Manual
  • Summary
  • Dashboard
    • Creating a Project
    • Editing a Project
    • Deleting a Project
    • Loading a Project
    • Unloading a Project
  • Project
    • Datasets
      • Importing a Dataset
      • Editing a Dataset
      • Deleting a Dataset
      • Visualising a Dataset
    • Screenshots
      • Importing a Screenshot
      • Editing a Screenshot
      • Deleting a Screenshot
      • Exporting a Screenshot
    • Graphs
      • Importing a Graph
      • Editing a Graph
      • Deleting a Graph
      • Exporting a Graph
    • Meshes
      • Importing a Mesh
      • Editing a Mesh
      • Deleting a Mesh
    • Videos
      • Editing a Video
      • Deleting a Video
      • Exporting a Video
    • Files
      • Importing a File
      • Editing a File
      • Deleting a File
    • Scripts
      • Importing a Script
      • Editing a Script
      • Deleting a Script
    • List of Scenarios
      • Creating a New Scenario
      • Loading a Scenario
      • Deleting a Scenario
      • Cloning a Scenario
  • Scenario
    • Creating a New scenario
    • Loading a Scenario
    • Editing a Scenario
    • Deleting a Scenario
    • Cloning a Scenario
  • Pre
    • Cretaing a Mesh of a Simple Geometry
      • Circle
      • Rectangle
      • Cuboid
      • Cylinder
    • Loading a Mesh
    • Importing a Mesh from a File
    • Filling holes of a Surface Mesh
    • Generating / Re-meshing a volume mesh
    • Remeshing a surface mesh
    • Creating Cut-Planes
  • Post
    • Visualising Results
    • Animating Results
    • Taking a Screenshot
    • Recording an Animation
    • Setting a View
      • Exporting and Importing a View
    • Post-processing Tools
      • Generating Cut Planes with Results
      • Generating a Line Variation Graph
      • Generating a Point Evolution Graph
      • Generating a Result Integral Graph
      • Generating a Result Statistics Graph
  • Graph
    • Customizing the Style of a Graph Traces
    • Customizing Graph Axes Settings
    • Exporting a Graph as an Image
  • Coarse-graining
    • Introduction
    • Coarse-granining module
      • Loading a Mesh
      • Input
        • Input DEM data
          • EDEM 2017+
          • LIGGGHTS-DUMP
          • LIGGGHTS-VTK
          • P4X
        • Pre-Filters
          • Overwrite Groups by Size
          • Filter Group ID
          • Filter by Bounding Box
          • Overwrite Velocity
          • Overwrite Groups
      • Averaging
        • Temporal Averaging
        • Spatial Averaging
          • Function
          • Width and Cutoff Factor
          • Gradients
          • Spatial Integral
        • Advanced
          • Particle Group Concentration
          • Surface/Wall Analysis
          • Residence Time
      • Output
        • Scale Results
        • Create DEM Dataset
        • Coarse Graining Output
        • Output Cylindrical Coordinates
        • Post-Analysis
          • Mixing
          • User-defined Scripts
  • Using Iota with EDEM
  • Using Iota with LIGGGHTS
    • LIGGGHTS-DUMP
    • LIGGGHTS-VTK
  • Using Iota with ANSYS-Fluent
  • Tutorials
    • Backhoe Tutorial EDEM 2017+
    • Paddle Mixer Tutorial EDEM 2017+
  • Licensing
    • Iota-Suite End User Agreement
    • Third Party Licenses
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  • Function
  • Width and Cutoff Factor
  • Gradients
  • Spatial Integral

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  1. Coarse-graining
  2. Coarse-granining module
  3. Averaging

Spatial Averaging

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Last updated 5 years ago

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This section allows users to define the options for the the spatial averaging process, including the calculation of spatial gradients and spatial integrals.

Figure 67 - "Spatial Averaging" section of module.

Users can select between different weight functions for the spatial averaging:

  • Heaviside: particles' contibution will be equally-weighted while they lay in the averaging region being averaged over.

The value of the width determines the length scale for the spatial averaging function. For Gaussian function, this corresponds to the standard deviation of the funciton. For Heaviside, this determines the size of the representative volume.

The Cutoff Factor is used in combination with the Width to ignore particles whose contribution will be very small. Since the Gaussian function only becomes zero at infinity, all particles would contribute to the spatial average, most giving the tiniest of contributions.

The values of Width and Cutoff Factor are problem dependent, but for quasi-static problems or low speed flows a Width of 2.5 to 3.0 times the average particle radius can be considered a safe value. For high speed flows and high sampling frequencies, this value can be as low as half the average radius. A Cutoff Factor of 3.0 can be considered safe. In the case of high speed flows or sampling frequencies, this value can decrease to obtain a better resolution close to the boundaries.

This features allows the user to activate the calculation of spatial gradients during the spatial averaging process. This creates the extra results in the Coarse-graining dataset that correspond to spatial gradients of the results: Density, Solid fraction, Momentum, and Velocity.

This feature allows the users to select if spatial intergral will be performed during the calculation of the coarse-graining results:

  • None: spatial intergral will not be calculated.

  • 1D: the coarse-grianing results are integrated along one of the main axis-directions: [X / Y / Z].

  • 2D: the coarse-grianing results are integrated over a plane. Users can select among the following planes for the integration: [XY / YZ / XZ].

  • 1D cylindrical: the coarse-grianing results are integrated along the tangential of cylindrical coordinate system defined by the user:

    • 1D Cylindrical Direction: defines the axial direction of the cylindrical coordinate system.

    • 1D Cylindrical Origin: defines the position of the origin of the cylindrical coordinate system.

Gaussian: particles' contibution varies according to the of the given width.

Gaussian function
Width and Cutoff Factor
Gradients
Spatial Integral
coarse-graining
Function